Menhard Klein, 1912–2005 (aged 92 years)
- Name
- Menhard /Klein/
- Given names
- Menhard
- Nickname
- Menish
- Surname
- Klein
- Name in Hebrew
- /Menachem/
- Name
- Meynhert /Klein/
- Given names
- Meynhert
- Nickname
- Menish
- Surname
- Klein
- Also known as
- /Menhard/
- Name
- //מנחם
- Type of name
- religious name
Note: Menachem - Normally, the hebrew name should be written as Menachem Ben [Hebrew Name Of Father]. His father's name was Zsigmond. I do not know what his Hebrew name was.
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Birth
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28th President of the United States
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Background
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The Great Powers were divided into two opposing alliances, the Triple Entente, consisting of France, Russia, and Britain, and the Triple Alliance, made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
January 1, 1914 (Tevet 3, 5674)
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Assasination
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Heir To The Austrian Throne, Is Assasinated In Sarajevo, Bosnia
June 18, 1914 (Sivan 24, 5674)
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Background
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British Passenger Liner Lusitania Is Sunk By A German Sumbarine. Killing about 1200.
June 18, 1914 (Sivan 24, 5674)
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Background
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Austria-Hungary Declares War On Serbia. Russia, An Ally Of Serbia, Mobilize Troops. Russia's entrance into WWI was a disaster. By the end of the war, about 2.5 million Russians had been killed.
July 28, 1914 (Av 5, 5674)
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Birth of a sister
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Background
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Background
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Background
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In Russia, leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launch a nearly bloodless coup d’état against the provisional government. Beginning of the Russian Civil War.
November 7, 1917 (Heshvan 22, 5678)
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Background
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Death of a father
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Cause: Bone Atrophy
Restriction: Show to visitors Note: According to the death record, the cause of death appears to be listed as "csont torvadaj." When the image was posted on a Facebook translation group, it was translated as "bone atrophy." This matches what I was told by my father Meynhart Klein that grandfather Zsigmond died of a leg infection. According to the death record, the cause of death appears to be listed as "csont torvadaj." When the image was posted on a Facebook translation group, it was translated as "bone atrophy." This matches what I was told by my father Meynhart Klein that grandfather Zsigmond died of a leg infection. David 12/30/2020 |
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Background
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Background
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In the United States, the 18th Amendment Prohibition of alcohol becomes effective.
January 17, 1920 (Tevet 26, 5680)
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Background
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In Czechoslovakia, women are given the right to vote when the Constitution is enacted.
February 29, 1920 (Adar 10, 5680)
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Background
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Henry Ford publishes an article called THE INTERNATIONAL JEW: THE WORLD'S PROBLEM in the Dearborn Independent. Ford continues to publish anti-semitic articles for seven years. Copies of the newspapers are placed in Ford Auto Delearships. newspaper is sent
May 22, 1920 (Sivan 5, 5680)
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Background
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Treaty Of Trianon ended WWI. Hungary Gives Up Two Thirds Of Its Land. Town Of Bilky Becomes Part of Czechoslovakia.
June 6, 1920 (Sivan 20, 5680)
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Background
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In the United States, the 18th Amendment is certified and women are given the right to vote.
August 26, 1920 (Elul 12, 5680)
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29th President of the United States
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Background
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In the United States, the Emergency Quota Act restricts the number of immigrants.
May 21, 1921 (Iyar 13, 5681)
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Background
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In Soviet Union, Stalin becomes General Secretary of Communist Party.
April 3, 1922 (Nissan 5, 5682)
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Background
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Russian Civil War ends. 7,000,000–12,000,000 total deaths. The overwhelming majority of deaths were civilians. Russia becomes Soviet Union.
June 16, 1923 (Tamuz 2, 5683)
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30th President of the United States
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Background
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Hyperinflation occurs in Germany as a result of debt/reparations owed from World War I.
from 1921 (5681) to 1923 (5683)
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Background
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Mein Kampf, Hitler's autobigraphical manifesto, is published. Hitler compliments Henry Ford by name.
July 18, 1925 (Tamuz 26, 5685)
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Death of a paternal grandmother
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Note: The death certificate is signed by her son Jeno Klein. |
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Death of a brother
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Cause: Pneumonia/Cardiac Failure |
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Death of a maternal grandfather
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Cause: Snake Bite? Note: A story that was passed on from a family member is that Miksa Klein had said that Dovid Veisz and wife Chaja Stern died of bites from snakes that were hidden in a closet. |
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Death of a maternal grandmother
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Cause: Snake Bite? Note: A story that was passed on from a family member is that Miksa Klein had said that Dovid Veisz and wife Chaja Stern died of bites from snakes that were hidden in a closet. |
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31st President of the United States
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Background
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In the United States, the stock market crashes and loses 23% in two days.
from October 23, 1929 (Tishrei 19, 5690) to October 24, 1929 (Tishrei 20, 5690)
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Marriage of a brother
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Religion: Jewish Text: misto, kde manzelstvi se odbylo, den mesic a rok - the place where the marriage took place, the day of the month and the year, 9 prosince 1929 - December 9, 1929 Quality of data: primary evidence |
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Background
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Heinrich Bruning becomes Chancellor of Germany. In response to the worldwide depression, he institutes a policy of austerity by tightening credit and reducing wages.
March 30, 1930 (Nissan 1, 5690)
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Background
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In the United States, the stock market loses 90% of its value in less than three years.
from April 1930 (Nissan 5690) to July 1932 (Tamuz 5692)
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Marriage of a sister
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Background
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Heinrich Bruning, Chancellor Of German, announces his Cabinet's resignation. Hitler becomes chancellor eight months later.
May 30, 1932 (Iyar 24, 5692)
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Background
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The United States stock market reaches its lowest point during the Great Depression. It was down 90% from its high.
July 8, 1932 (Tamuz 4, 5692)
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Background
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32nd President of the United States
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Background
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In the United States, the 18th Amendment is repealed and alcohol becomes legal again.
December 5, 1933 (Kislev 17, 5694)
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Background
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Reichstag Fire gives Hitler the opportunity to suspend civil liberties and the establishment of the Nazi Party as the only political party in Germany.
1933 (5693)
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Background
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German Parliament Passes Nuremberg Race Laws. Only racially pure Germans would be allowed to hold German citizenship. It banned future intermarriages and sexual relations between Jews and people “of German or related blood.”
September 15, 1935 (Elul 17, 5695)
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Background
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1936 Summer Olympics begins in Berlin, Germany. German Jewish athletes were barred.
August 1, 1936 (Av 13, 5696)
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Background
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Hitler holds a secret meeting in which he outlines Germany's plan to expand its territories by force. The meeting is summarized in the Hossbach Memorandum.
November 5, 1937 (Kislev 1, 5698)
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Background
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary restricts the number of Jews in each commercial enterprise, in the press, among physicians, engineers and lawyers to twenty percent.
May 29, 1938 (Iyar 28, 5698)
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Background
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Munich Agreement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia.
September 30, 1938 (Tishrei 5, 5699)
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Background
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Germany arrests 17,000 Polish Jewish Residents and deports thousands to Poland. https://w.wiki/5R8z
from October 27, 1938 (Heshvan 2, 5699) to October 29, 1938 (Heshvan 4, 5699)
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Background
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First Vienna Award separated from Czechoslovakia territories in southern Slovakia and southern Carpathian Rus and gave them to Hungary.
November 2, 1938 (Heshvan 8, 5699)
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Pogrom
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Note: Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) comes from the broken windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings and synagogues that were smashed. 7,500 Jewish owned businesses are looted. 30,000 Jewish males were rounded up and taken to concentration camps. |
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Invasion
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Background
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Carpathian Ruthenia Region, of which Bilky is a part of, declares its indepedence from Czechoslovakia.
March 15, 1939 (Adar 24, 5699)
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Background
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Carpathian Ruthenia Region, of which Bilky is a part of, is occupied and annexed by Hungary.
from March 15, 1939 (Adar 24, 5699) to March 18, 1939 (Adar 27, 5699)
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary defines Jews racially: individuals with two, three or four Jewish-born grandparents were declared Jewish. It reduced the role of Jews in Hungarian economic life even more, setting the limit to 6%.
May 5, 1939 (Iyar 16, 5699)
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Photo
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Background
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A non-aggression pact is signed between Soviet Union and Germany. It enabled the two countries to partition Poland. It is known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact.
August 23, 1939 (Elul 8, 5699)
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Invasion
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Declaration Of War
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Background
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Background
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Soviet Union and Germany divide Poland by German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty.
September 28, 1939 (Tishrei 15, 5700)
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Deportation
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Background
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In Poland, all Jews above the age of 11 must wear white armbands with the Jewish Star.
November 23, 1939 (Kislev 11, 5700)
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Krakow Ghetto
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In Krakow, Judenräte (Jewish Councils) were created which were to be run by Jewish citizens for the purpose of carrying out orders for the Nazis. These orders included registration of all Jewish people living in the area, the collection of taxes, and forced labour groups.
November 28, 1939 (Kislev 16, 5700)
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Invasion
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Invasion
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Background
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Concentration Camp
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Background
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Surrender
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Ghetto
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Ghetto
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary prohibits intermarriage and penalizes sexual intercourse between Jews and non-Jews. Became a keystone in the process of excluding and eliminating Jews from Hungarian society.
August 8, 1941 (Av 15, 5701)
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Background
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Jewish Germans and Jews with citizenship of annexed states (Austrians, Czechs, Danzigers) from the age of six years are ordered to wear a yellow badge in the shape of a Jewish Star with Jude in the center.
September 1, 1941 (Elul 9, 5701)
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Attack
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Background
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At the Wannsee Conference, Nazis finalized their Final Solution plans to murder all the Jews after their deportation. Adolf Eichmann, who was eventually tried and executed in Israel for murdering Jews via the systematic deportation of millions of Jews to the extermination camps, was at the meeting.
January 20, 1942 (Shevat 2, 5702)
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Deportation
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Germany begins the deportation of Dutch Jews from camps in the Netherlands
July 15, 1942 (Av 1, 5702)
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary prohibits Jews from acquiring agricultural property, and calls for the transfer of Jewish-owned property to non-Jews.
September 6, 1942 (Elul 24, 5702)
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Background
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French communist newspaper publishes a cover story about the extermination of 11,000 French Jews at Auschwitz.
October 10, 1942 (Tishrei 29, 5703)
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Reports On The Holocaust
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Small story on page 10 of the New York Times reported on the slaughter of Jews at Auschwitz.
November 25, 1942 (Kislev 16, 5703)
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Ghetto
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Krakow Ghetto Liquidated. Those deemed able to work were transported to the Płaszów concentration camp. Some 2,000 Jews unable to move or attempting to run were killed in the streets and in their homes. Operation Reinhard
March 13, 1943 (Adar II 6, 5703)
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Background
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Belgium Resistance attacks a train bound for Auschwitz and free 233 prisoners. It is the only mass escape from a Holocaust train.
April 19, 1943 (Nissan 14, 5703)
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Death of a brother
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Cause: Murdered by the Nazis. |
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Invasion
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Background
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Two inmates, Slovak Jews Alfred Wetzler and Rudolf Vrba, escape from Auschwitz. They contact the Jewish council in Slovakia and give details about the murder of Jews at Auschwitz. A report is soon released to warn Hungary’s Jews of the Nazi plans to wipe out their community. The report initally does nothing to stop the mass deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz. Finally, in July 1944, after the report is published in the Swiss Press, Hungary is forced to stopped the deportation. The persecution of Hungarian Jews is continued in October 1944.
April 10, 1944 (Nissan 17, 5704)
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Death of a brother
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Cause: Murdered By Nazis. |
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Death of a sister
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Address: Oświęcim, Poland
Cause: Murdered by Nazis and Hungarian collaborators. Note: My father, Meynhert Klein, during the few times that he spoke to me about his life during the Holocaust, would describe the last time he saw his mom and sister Bella leaving on a train. I don't know when or where this occurred. And looking back now, I failed to ask the many questions that fill my head now. I'd like to believe that my inaction was because my father would be teary during these moments, and I didn't want to cause him any more pain. I hope it wasn't because I was too young and self-absorbed. But I can't say. My father, Meynhert Klein, during the few times that he spoke to me about his life during the Holocaust, would describe the last time he saw his mom and sister Bella leaving on a train. I don't know when or where this occurred. And looking back now, I failed to ask the many questions that fill my head now. I'd like to believe that my inaction was because my father would be teary during these moments, and I didn't want to cause him any more pain. I hope it wasn't because I was too young and self-absorbed. But I can't say. I chose this date for my Grandmother and Aunt Bella because between May 14, 1944 and July 9, 1944, 437,000 Hungarian Jews were sent to Auschwitz on trains. Most were murdered on arrival. David Note: Auschwitz Survivor Eva Klein, a sister of Izabella, wrote in her autobiography, "And where is my beautiful sister Izabella, who never got married because she did not want to leave mother. A friend told me when they arrived in Auschwitz, an SS wanted to part them but Izabella leaned on mother's shoulder and begged to let her go with mother." |
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Death of a mother
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Address: Oświęcim, Poland
Cause: Murdered By Nazis and Hungarian collaborators. Note: My father, Meynhert Klein, during the few times that he spoke to me about his life during the Holocaust, would describe the last time he saw his mom and sister Bella leaving on a train. I don't know when or where this occurred. And looking back now, I failed to ask the many questions that fill my head now. I'd like to believe that my inaction was because my father would be teary during these moments, and I didn't want to cause him any more pain. I hope it wasn't because I was too young and self-absorbed. But I can't say. My father, Meynhert Klein, during the few times that he spoke to me about his life during the Holocaust, would describe the last time he saw his mom and sister Bella leaving on a train. I don't know when or where this occurred. And looking back now, I failed to ask the many questions that fill my head now. I'd like to believe that my inaction was because my father would be teary during these moments, and I didn't want to cause him any more pain. I hope it wasn't because I was too young and self-absorbed. But I can't say. I chose this date for my Grandmother and Aunt Bella because between May 14, 1944 and July 9, 1944, 437,000 Hungarian Jews were sent to Auschwitz on trains. Most were murdered on arrival. David Note: Auschwitz Survivor Eva Klein, a daughter of Sura Feiga Veisz, wrote in her autobiography, "And where is my beautiful sister Izabella, who never got married because she did not want to leave mother. A friend told me when they arrived in Auschwitz, an SS wanted to part them but Izabella leaned on mother's shoulder and begged to let her go with mother." |
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Background
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Nazis Photograph Hungarian Jews Arriving At Auschwitz. Many Jews Were From The Sub-Carpathia Region. Theses photos became know as The Auschwitz Album/Lilly Jacob Album. Lilly Jacob, the woman who found the photos, was from Bilky, Ukraine.
May 26, 1944 (Sivan 4, 5704)
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Attack
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Deportation
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435,000 Hungarian Jews Are Deported To Auschwitz
from May 15, 1944 (Iyar 22, 5704) to July 9, 1944 (Tamuz 18, 5704)
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Liberation
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33rd President of the United States
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Displaced Person Camp
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Photo
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Photo Taken With Nicholas Kohn, Eva Klein, and Menhard Klein
May 27, 1946 (Iyar 26, 5706)
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Photograph
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Note: The date is estimated. It does look like it had been taken before my parents came to the United States. The woman crossing is unknown. But the woman who is being block is my mother, Erika Weiser. |
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AEF Displaced Persons Registration Card
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Filled Out AEF Displaced Persons Registration Card
November 18, 1946 (Heshvan 24, 5707)
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AFD Displaced Person Medical Examination
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Emigration
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Emigrated From Bremen, Germany To The United States
February 7, 1947 (Shevat 17, 5707)
Witness: Menhard Klein — himself Note: My Dad, Menhard Klein, would tell the story about how my mother Erika Klein got very seasick on the ship from Germany to the United State. My parents would laugh about the story whenever it was told. Dad said that he would carry my mom around the ship. Looking at a photo of the USS Ernie Pyle that brought my parents to the United States, it must have a been a miserable ride. - David Klein
Shared note: The permanent USA address listed in the passenger list is 1632 University Avenue, New York, New York… The permanent USA address listed in the passenger list is 1632 University Avenue, New York, New York. 1632 and 1640 University Avenue were the residences of different Popovitz family members. Those addresses were used, as well, by other family members who had emigrated from Europe after WWII. |
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Event
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Emigrated From Bremen, Germany To The United States
February 7, 1947 (Shevat 17, 5707)
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Event
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Emigrated From Bremen, Germany To The United States
February 7, 1947 (Shevat 17, 5707)
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Event
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Arrived in New York from Bremen, Germany
February 18, 1947 (Shevat 28, 5707)
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Residence
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Address: 1640 University Avenue New York, New York Shared note: The permanent USA address listed in the passenger list is 1640 University Avenue, New York, New York… The permanent USA address listed in the passenger list is 1640 University Avenue, New York, New York. 1632 University and 1640 University Avenue were the residences of different Popovitz family members. Those addresses were used, as well, by other family members who emigrated from Europe after WWII. |
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Background
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UN General Assembly passes Resolution 181, adopting a plan to partition the Palestine British Mandate into two states, one Jewish, one Arab.
November 29, 1947 (Kislev 16, 5708)
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Background
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Census
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Address: 2100 Walton Avenue Apt. B33 Bronx, New York |
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Background
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Residence
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Address: 2100 Walton Avenue Bronx, New York 10453 |
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Naturalization
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Child Is Born
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34th President of the United States
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Background
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35th President of the United States
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36th President of the United States
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Bar Mitzvah
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Address: Grand Concourse Bronx, New York |
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37th President of the United States
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Travel
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38th President of the United States
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39th President of the United States
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40th President of the United States
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Death of a brother
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Death of a brother
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Death of a wife
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Address: Mt. Sinai Hospital
1468 Madison Ave. New York, NY 10029 Cause: Natural Causes |
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Burial of a wife
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Address: Woodbridge, New Jersey
Religion: Jewish |
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41st President of the United States
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42nd President of the United States
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43rd President of the United States
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Death of a sister
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Note: Eva and her husband Nicholas were cremated. They wanted to go like their son Thomas who was murdered at Auschwitz. Thomas was nine-years-old when he died. |
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Death of a sister
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Holocaust
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yes
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Death
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75th Wedding Anniversary
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Note: Today is my parents' 75th Wedding Anniversary. I sure miss them. Today is my parents' 75th Wedding Anniversary. I sure miss them. I don't remember their wedding anniversary ever being much of a big deal. They didn't go out to dinner. I don't even think there was ever a cake or special meal. Maybe my father would give my mom some money to go buy herself a gift. That's about it. I do remember when they were going to celebrate their 25th anniversary and thinking, "That's a long time." Fifty years later, it's not that long. David - 29 October 2021 |
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Remembrance
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Note: My father was born in Bilky. Back then, it was part of Hungary. Today, it's in Ukraine. My earliest memory of my father is him teaching me to read in the living room. I was about three or four. The book had something to do about a bus stop. He went over with me so many times, I learnt it by heart. My father was born in Bilky. Back then, it was part of Hungary. Today, it's in Ukraine. My earliest memory of my father is him teaching me to read in the living room. I was about three or four. The book had something to do about a bus stop. He went over with me so many times, I learnt it by heart. I miss you. I love you. David |
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Remembrance
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Note: Happy Father's Day Happy Father's Day I miss you. All my love, David |
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Remembrance
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Note: Seventy years ago, at the age of thirty-nine, my father became a U.S. citizen. From Bilky to the Bronx. World War II ended seven years before. Six million Jews including many family members and friends had been murdered. It was time for new beginnings in the new world. A son was born in 1953. |
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Remembrance
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Note: Happy Birthday, Dad. Happy Birthday, Dad. I love you. |
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Remembrance
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Note: Happy 76th Wedding Anniversary, Mom and Dad. Happy 76th Wedding Anniversary, Mom and Dad. I miss you. Love, David |
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Remembrance
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Note: All My Love, All My Love, David |
| father |
1871–1918
Birth: March 1871
41
31
— Verbovets', Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine Death: July 9, 1918 — Bilke, Hungary |
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| mother |
1876–1944
Birth: August 2, 1876
— Bilke, Hungary Death: May 14, 1944 — Auschwitz |
| Religious marriage | Religious marriage — March 4, 1897 — Bilke, Hungary |
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9 months
elder sister |
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17 months
elder brother |
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20 months
elder brother |
1900–1985
Birth: December 24, 1900
29
24
Death: estimated 1985 — Netanya, Israel |
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3 years
elder brother |
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2 years
elder brother |
1905–1944
Birth: December 23, 1905
34
29
— Verbocz, Hungary Death: May 1944 — Shoah |
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6 months
elder sister |
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13 months
elder sister |
1907–1944
Birth: July 7, 1907
36
30
— Feketepatak Death: May 14, 1944 — Auschwitz |
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4 years
elder brother |
1911–1928
Birth: January 4, 1911
39
34
— Bilke, Hungary Death: March 7, 1928 — Beregszász |
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21 months
himself |
…מנחם
1912–2005
Birth: September 26, 1912
41
36
— Bilke, Hungary Death: March 3, 2005 |
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4 years
younger sister |
1916–2005
Birth: May 8, 1916
45
39
— Bilke, Hungary Death: January 11, 2005 — Las Vegas, Nevada |
| himself |
…מנחם
1912–2005
Birth: September 26, 1912
41
36
— Bilke, Hungary Death: March 3, 2005 |
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| wife |
…אסתר בת רי מאיר
1916–1988
Birth: December 25, 1916
17
24
— Leipzig, Germany Death: November 22, 1988 — New York, New York |
| son |
Private
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| son |
Private
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| wife’s husband | |
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| wife |
…אסתר בת רי מאיר
1916–1988
Birth: December 25, 1916
17
24
— Leipzig, Germany Death: November 22, 1988 — New York, New York |
| Marriage | Marriage — estimated 1941 — Poland |
| Photograph |
The date is estimated. It does look like it had been taken before my parents came to the United States. The woman crossing is unknown. But the woman who is being block is my mother, Erika Weiser. |
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| Emigration |
My Dad, Menhard Klein, would tell the story about how my mother Erika Klein got very seasick on the ship from Germany to the United State. My parents would laugh about the story whenever it was told. Dad said that he would carry my mom around the ship. Looking at a photo of the USS Ernie Pyle that brought my parents to the United States, it must have a been a miserable ride. - David Klein
Shared note
The permanent USA address listed in the passenger list is 1632 University Avenue, New York, New York. 1632 and 1640 University Avenue were the residences of different Popovitz family members. Those addresses were used, as well, by other family members who had emigrated from Europe after WWII. |
| Residence |
Shared note
The permanent USA address listed in the passenger list is 1640 University Avenue, New York, New York. 1632 University and 1640 University Avenue were the residences of different Popovitz family members. Those addresses were used, as well, by other family members who emigrated from Europe after WWII. |
| 75th Wedding Anniversary |
Today is my parents' 75th Wedding Anniversary. I sure miss them. I don't remember their wedding anniversary ever being much of a big deal. They didn't go out to dinner. I don't even think there was ever a cake or special meal. Maybe my father would give my mom some money to go buy herself a gift. That's about it. I do remember when they were going to celebrate their 25th anniversary and thinking, "That's a long time." Fifty years later, it's not that long. David - 29 October 2021 |
| Remembrance |
My father was born in Bilky. Back then, it was part of Hungary. Today, it's in Ukraine. My earliest memory of my father is him teaching me to read in the living room. I was about three or four. The book had something to do about a bus stop. He went over with me so many times, I learnt it by heart. I miss you. I love you. David |
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Happy Father's Day I miss you. All my love, David |
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Seventy years ago, at the age of thirty-nine, my father became a U.S. citizen. From Bilky to the Bronx. World War II ended seven years before. Six million Jews including many family members and friends had been murdered. It was time for new beginnings in the new world. A son was born in 1953. |
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Happy Birthday, Dad. I love you. |
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Happy 76th Wedding Anniversary, Mom and Dad. I miss you. Love, David |
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All My Love, David |
| Name |
Menachem - Normally, the hebrew name should be written as Menachem Ben [Hebrew Name Of Father]. His father's name was Zsigmond. I do not know what his Hebrew name was. |
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| Displaced Person Camp | |
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| AEF Displaced Persons Registration Card | |
| AFD Displaced Person Medical Examination | |
| Emigration | |
| Census | |
| Naturalization | |
| Child Is Born | |
| Bar Mitzvah | |
| Travel | |
| Death | |
| 75th Wedding Anniversary | |
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Note: Hard to know the exact date of the photo. I would say about 1978. Maybe a little earlier. |
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Note: From Left To Right - Siblings Eva Klein Kohn, Menhard Klein, Margaret Klein Popovitz |
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