Zikmund Klein, 1929–1944 (aged 14 years)
- Name
- Zikmund /Klein/
- Given names
- Zikmund
- Surname
- Klein
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Birth
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Background
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Heinrich Bruning becomes Chancellor of Germany. In response to the worldwide depression, he institutes a policy of austerity by tightening credit and reducing wages.
March 30, 1930 (Nissan 1, 5690)
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Background
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In the United States, the stock market loses 90% of its value in less than three years.
from April 1930 (Nissan 5690) to July 1932 (Tamuz 5692)
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Background
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Heinrich Bruning, Chancellor Of German, announces his Cabinet's resignation. Hitler becomes chancellor eight months later.
May 30, 1932 (Iyar 24, 5692)
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Background
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The United States stock market reaches its lowest point during the Great Depression. It was down 90% from its high.
July 8, 1932 (Tamuz 4, 5692)
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Background
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32nd President of the United States
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Background
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In the United States, the 18th Amendment is repealed and alcohol becomes legal again.
December 5, 1933 (Kislev 17, 5694)
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Background
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Reichstag Fire gives Hitler the opportunity to suspend civil liberties and the establishment of the Nazi Party as the only political party in Germany.
1933 (5693)
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Background
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German Parliament Passes Nuremberg Race Laws. Only racially pure Germans would be allowed to hold German citizenship. It banned future intermarriages and sexual relations between Jews and people “of German or related blood.”
September 15, 1935 (Elul 17, 5695)
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Birth of a brother
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Background
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1936 Summer Olympics begins in Berlin, Germany. German Jewish athletes were barred.
August 1, 1936 (Av 13, 5696)
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Background
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Hitler holds a secret meeting in which he outlines Germany's plan to expand its territories by force. The meeting is summarized in the Hossbach Memorandum.
November 5, 1937 (Kislev 1, 5698)
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Background
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary restricts the number of Jews in each commercial enterprise, in the press, among physicians, engineers and lawyers to twenty percent.
May 29, 1938 (Iyar 28, 5698)
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Background
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Munich Agreement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia.
September 30, 1938 (Tishrei 5, 5699)
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Background
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Germany arrests 17,000 Polish Jewish Residents and deports thousands to Poland. https://w.wiki/5R8z
from October 27, 1938 (Heshvan 2, 5699) to October 29, 1938 (Heshvan 4, 5699)
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Background
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First Vienna Award separated from Czechoslovakia territories in southern Slovakia and southern Carpathian Rus and gave them to Hungary.
November 2, 1938 (Heshvan 8, 5699)
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Pogrom
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Note: Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) comes from the broken windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings and synagogues that were smashed. 7,500 Jewish owned businesses are looted. 30,000 Jewish males were rounded up and taken to concentration camps. |
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Invasion
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Background
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Carpathian Ruthenia Region, of which Bilky is a part of, declares its indepedence from Czechoslovakia.
March 15, 1939 (Adar 24, 5699)
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Background
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Carpathian Ruthenia Region, of which Bilky is a part of, is occupied and annexed by Hungary.
from March 15, 1939 (Adar 24, 5699) to March 18, 1939 (Adar 27, 5699)
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary defines Jews racially: individuals with two, three or four Jewish-born grandparents were declared Jewish. It reduced the role of Jews in Hungarian economic life even more, setting the limit to 6%.
May 5, 1939 (Iyar 16, 5699)
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Background
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A non-aggression pact is signed between Soviet Union and Germany. It enabled the two countries to partition Poland. It is known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact.
August 23, 1939 (Elul 8, 5699)
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Invasion
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Declaration Of War
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Background
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Background
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Soviet Union and Germany divide Poland by German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty.
September 28, 1939 (Tishrei 15, 5700)
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Deportation
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Background
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In Poland, all Jews above the age of 11 must wear white armbands with the Jewish Star.
November 23, 1939 (Kislev 11, 5700)
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Krakow Ghetto
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In Krakow, Judenräte (Jewish Councils) were created which were to be run by Jewish citizens for the purpose of carrying out orders for the Nazis. These orders included registration of all Jewish people living in the area, the collection of taxes, and forced labour groups.
November 28, 1939 (Kislev 16, 5700)
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Invasion
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Invasion
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Background
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Concentration Camp
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Background
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Surrender
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Ghetto
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Ghetto
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary prohibits intermarriage and penalizes sexual intercourse between Jews and non-Jews. Became a keystone in the process of excluding and eliminating Jews from Hungarian society.
August 8, 1941 (Av 15, 5701)
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Background
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Jewish Germans and Jews with citizenship of annexed states (Austrians, Czechs, Danzigers) from the age of six years are ordered to wear a yellow badge in the shape of a Jewish Star with Jude in the center.
September 1, 1941 (Elul 9, 5701)
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Attack
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Background
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At the Wannsee Conference, Nazis finalized their Final Solution plans to murder all the Jews after their deportation. Adolf Eichmann, who was eventually tried and executed in Israel for murdering Jews via the systematic deportation of millions of Jews to the extermination camps, was at the meeting.
January 20, 1942 (Shevat 2, 5702)
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Deportation
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Germany begins the deportation of Dutch Jews from camps in the Netherlands
July 15, 1942 (Av 1, 5702)
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary prohibits Jews from acquiring agricultural property, and calls for the transfer of Jewish-owned property to non-Jews.
September 6, 1942 (Elul 24, 5702)
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Background
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French communist newspaper publishes a cover story about the extermination of 11,000 French Jews at Auschwitz.
October 10, 1942 (Tishrei 29, 5703)
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Reports On The Holocaust
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Small story on page 10 of the New York Times reported on the slaughter of Jews at Auschwitz.
November 25, 1942 (Kislev 16, 5703)
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Ghetto
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Krakow Ghetto Liquidated. Those deemed able to work were transported to the Płaszów concentration camp. Some 2,000 Jews unable to move or attempting to run were killed in the streets and in their homes. Operation Reinhard
March 13, 1943 (Adar II 6, 5703)
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Background
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Belgium Resistance attacks a train bound for Auschwitz and free 233 prisoners. It is the only mass escape from a Holocaust train.
April 19, 1943 (Nissan 14, 5703)
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Death of a sister
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Cause: Murdered by the Nazis. Note: This day was chosen as the date of death as the Jews of Bilky were deported to Auschwitz during this time. |
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Death of a brother
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Cause: Murdered by the Nazis. Note: May Hashem Avenge Your Death. השם יקום דמו |
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Death of a paternal grandmother
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Address: Oświęcim, Poland
Cause: Murdered By Nazis and Hungarian collaborators. Note: My father, Meynhert Klein, during the few times that he spoke to me about his life during the Holocaust, would describe the last time he saw his mom and sister Bella leaving on a train. I don't know when or where this occurred. And looking back now, I failed to ask the many questions that fill my head now. I'd like to believe that my inaction was because my father would be teary during these moments, and I didn't want to cause him any more pain. I hope it wasn't because I was too young and self-absorbed. But I can't say. My father, Meynhert Klein, during the few times that he spoke to me about his life during the Holocaust, would describe the last time he saw his mom and sister Bella leaving on a train. I don't know when or where this occurred. And looking back now, I failed to ask the many questions that fill my head now. I'd like to believe that my inaction was because my father would be teary during these moments, and I didn't want to cause him any more pain. I hope it wasn't because I was too young and self-absorbed. But I can't say. I chose this date for my Grandmother and Aunt Bella because between May 14, 1944 and July 9, 1944, 437,000 Hungarian Jews were sent to Auschwitz on trains. Most were murdered on arrival. David Note: Auschwitz Survivor Eva Klein, a daughter of Sura Feiga Veisz, wrote in her autobiography, "And where is my beautiful sister Izabella, who never got married because she did not want to leave mother. A friend told me when they arrived in Auschwitz, an SS wanted to part them but Izabella leaned on mother's shoulder and begged to let her go with mother." |
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Death of a father
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Cause: Murdered by the Nazis. |
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Death of a mother
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Cause: Murdered by the Nazis. |
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Invasion
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Background
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Two inmates, Slovak Jews Alfred Wetzler and Rudolf Vrba, escape from Auschwitz. They contact the Jewish council in Slovakia and give details about the murder of Jews at Auschwitz. A report is soon released to warn Hungary’s Jews of the Nazi plans to wipe out their community. The report initally does nothing to stop the mass deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz. Finally, in July 1944, after the report is published in the Swiss Press, Hungary is forced to stopped the deportation. The persecution of Hungarian Jews is continued in October 1944.
April 10, 1944 (Nissan 17, 5704)
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Deportation
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435,000 Hungarian Jews Are Deported To Auschwitz
from May 15, 1944 (Iyar 22, 5704) to July 9, 1944 (Tamuz 18, 5704)
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Background
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Nazis Photograph Hungarian Jews Arriving At Auschwitz. Many Jews Were From The Sub-Carpathia Region. Theses photos became know as The Auschwitz Album/Lilly Jacob Album. Lilly Jacob, the woman who found the photos, was from Bilky, Ukraine.
May 26, 1944 (Sivan 4, 5704)
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Attack
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Death
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Cause of death: Murdered By The Nazis. |
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Remembrance
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Note: Today, I celebrate the birthday of my first cousin Zikmund. עליו השלום - May Peace Be With Him |
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Remembrance
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Note: Happy 93th Birthday, Cousin Zikmund. עליו השלום - May Peace Be With You |
| father | |
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| mother | |
| Marriage | Marriage — December 9, 1929 — Bilke, Hungary |
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-17 months
elder sister |
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18 months
himself |
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6 years
younger brother |
| Remembrance |
Today, I celebrate the birthday of my first cousin Zikmund. עליו השלום - May Peace Be With Him |
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| Remembrance |
Happy 93th Birthday, Cousin Zikmund. עליו השלום - May Peace Be With You |
| Birth | |
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