Mikulas Kohn, 1907–1984 (aged 76 years)
- Name
- Mikulas /Kohn/
- Given names
- Mikulas
- Surname
- Kohn
- Nickname
- Miklosh
- Also known as
- /Nicholas/
- Also known as
- /Miklos/
Quality of data: secondary evidence
Note: Some family members remember Mikulas Kohn as Miklosh.
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Birth
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27th President of the United States
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Birth of a sister
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Note: This is a little confusing. According to a database, Georgette was born in May 1909. That appears to be the same as her husband. It could be coincidental or there could be a mistake somewhere. I am choosing May 10, 1909 for the birthday of Georgette and her husband Alex Neufeld. It will be nice to remember them together on the same day. |
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Background
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Birth of a brother
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28th President of the United States
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Background
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The Great Powers were divided into two opposing alliances, the Triple Entente, consisting of France, Russia, and Britain, and the Triple Alliance, made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
January 1, 1914 (Tevet 3, 5674) (aged 6 years)
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Assasination
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Heir To The Austrian Throne, Is Assasinated In Sarajevo, Bosnia
June 18, 1914 (Sivan 24, 5674) (aged 6 years)
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Background
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British Passenger Liner Lusitania Is Sunk By A German Sumbarine. Killing about 1200.
June 18, 1914 (Sivan 24, 5674) (aged 6 years)
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Background
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Austria-Hungary Declares War On Serbia. Russia, An Ally Of Serbia, Mobilize Troops. Russia's entrance into WWI was a disaster. By the end of the war, about 2.5 million Russians had been killed.
July 28, 1914 (Av 5, 5674) (aged 6 years)
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Russian Czar Nicholas is forced to abdicate the throne.
March 15, 1917 (Adar 21, 5677) (aged 9 years)
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Background
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Background
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In Russia, leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launch a nearly bloodless coup d’état against the provisional government. Beginning of the Russian Civil War.
November 7, 1917 (Heshvan 22, 5678) (aged 10 years)
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Background
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Background
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Photo
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Background
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In the United States, the 18th Amendment Prohibition of alcohol becomes effective.
January 17, 1920 (Tevet 26, 5680) (aged 12 years)
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Background
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In Czechoslovakia, women are given the right to vote when the Constitution is enacted.
February 29, 1920 (Adar 10, 5680) (aged 12 years)
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Background
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Henry Ford publishes an article called THE INTERNATIONAL JEW: THE WORLD'S PROBLEM in the Dearborn Independent. Ford continues to publish anti-semitic articles for seven years. Copies of the newspapers are placed in Ford Auto Delearships. newspaper is sent
May 22, 1920 (Sivan 5, 5680) (aged 12 years)
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Background
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Treaty Of Trianon ended WWI. Hungary Gives Up Two Thirds Of Its Land. Town Of Bilky Becomes Part of Czechoslovakia.
June 6, 1920 (Sivan 20, 5680) (aged 12 years)
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Background
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In the United States, the 18th Amendment is certified and women are given the right to vote.
August 26, 1920 (Elul 12, 5680) (aged 12 years)
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29th President of the United States
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Background
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In the United States, the Emergency Quota Act restricts the number of immigrants.
May 21, 1921 (Iyar 13, 5681) (aged 13 years)
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Background
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In Soviet Union, Stalin becomes General Secretary of Communist Party.
April 3, 1922 (Nissan 5, 5682) (aged 14 years)
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Background
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Russian Civil War ends. 7,000,000–12,000,000 total deaths. The overwhelming majority of deaths were civilians. Russia becomes Soviet Union.
June 16, 1923 (Tamuz 2, 5683) (aged 15 years)
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30th President of the United States
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Background
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Hyperinflation occurs in Germany as a result of debt/reparations owed from World War I.
from 1921 (5681) to 1923 (5683) (aged 15 years)
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Graduation
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School or college: Beregszászi |
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Background
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Mein Kampf, Hitler's autobigraphical manifesto, is published. Hitler compliments Henry Ford by name.
July 18, 1925 (Tamuz 26, 5685) (aged 17 years)
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31st President of the United States
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Graduation
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School or college: Charles University |
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Background
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In the United States, the stock market crashes and loses 23% in two days.
from October 23, 1929 (Tishrei 19, 5690) to October 24, 1929 (Tishrei 20, 5690) (aged 22 years)
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Background
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Heinrich Bruning becomes Chancellor of Germany. In response to the worldwide depression, he institutes a policy of austerity by tightening credit and reducing wages.
March 30, 1930 (Nissan 1, 5690) (aged 22 years)
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Background
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In the United States, the stock market loses 90% of its value in less than three years.
from April 1930 (Nissan 5690) to July 1932 (Tamuz 5692) (aged 24 years)
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Marriage
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Background
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Heinrich Bruning, Chancellor Of German, announces his Cabinet's resignation. Hitler becomes chancellor eight months later.
May 30, 1932 (Iyar 24, 5692) (aged 24 years)
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Background
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The United States stock market reaches its lowest point during the Great Depression. It was down 90% from its high.
July 8, 1932 (Tamuz 4, 5692) (aged 24 years)
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Background
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32nd President of the United States
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Background
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In the United States, the 18th Amendment is repealed and alcohol becomes legal again.
December 5, 1933 (Kislev 17, 5694) (aged 26 years)
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Background
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Reichstag Fire gives Hitler the opportunity to suspend civil liberties and the establishment of the Nazi Party as the only political party in Germany.
1933 (5693) (aged 25 years)
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Birth of a son
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Note: Per writings of Eva Klein, Tomas' mother, Tomas was named after the first president of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. When Thomas was born, this area was part of Czechoslovakia. Per Wikipedia, the day after the collapse of Czechoslovakia on 14 March 1939, the Khust city government proclaimed, by the will of the local population, independence as Carpathian Ukraine on 15 March 1939. The next day, 16 March 1939, Hungarian troops invaded Khust and claimed it as part of Hungary. In May 1944, Thomas, along with his mother Eva Klein and his grandparents were rounded up by the Nazis and Hungarian collaborators. They were sent to Auschwitz. Upon arrival, Thomas and his grandparents were murdered. His mother survived. Per writings of Eva Klein, Tomas' mother, Tomas was named after the first president of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. When Thomas was born, this area was part of Czechoslovakia. Per Wikipedia, the day after the collapse of Czechoslovakia on 14 March 1939, the Khust city government proclaimed, by the will of the local population, independence as Carpathian Ukraine on 15 March 1939. The next day, 16 March 1939, Hungarian troops invaded Khust and claimed it as part of Hungary. In May 1944, Thomas, along with his mother Eva Klein and his grandparents were rounded up by the Nazis and Hungarian collaborators. They were sent to Auschwitz. Upon arrival, Thomas and his grandparents were murdered. His mother survived. On 24 October 1944 Soviet troops occupied the city, and annexed it into the Soviet Union. |
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Background
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German Parliament Passes Nuremberg Race Laws. Only racially pure Germans would be allowed to hold German citizenship. It banned future intermarriages and sexual relations between Jews and people “of German or related blood.”
September 15, 1935 (Elul 17, 5695) (aged 27 years)
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Background
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1936 Summer Olympics begins in Berlin, Germany. German Jewish athletes were barred.
August 1, 1936 (Av 13, 5696) (aged 28 years)
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Background
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Hitler holds a secret meeting in which he outlines Germany's plan to expand its territories by force. The meeting is summarized in the Hossbach Memorandum.
November 5, 1937 (Kislev 1, 5698) (aged 30 years)
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Background
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary restricts the number of Jews in each commercial enterprise, in the press, among physicians, engineers and lawyers to twenty percent.
May 29, 1938 (Iyar 28, 5698) (aged 30 years)
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Background
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Munich Agreement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia.
September 30, 1938 (Tishrei 5, 5699) (aged 31 years)
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Background
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Germany arrests 17,000 Polish Jewish Residents and deports thousands to Poland. https://w.wiki/5R8z
from October 27, 1938 (Heshvan 2, 5699) to October 29, 1938 (Heshvan 4, 5699) (aged 31 years)
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Background
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First Vienna Award separated from Czechoslovakia territories in southern Slovakia and southern Carpathian Rus and gave them to Hungary.
November 2, 1938 (Heshvan 8, 5699) (aged 31 years)
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Pogrom
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Kristallnacht
from November 9, 1938 (Heshvan 15, 5699) to November 10, 1938 (Heshvan 16, 5699) (aged 31 years)
Note: Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) comes from the broken windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings and synagogues that were smashed. 7,500 Jewish owned businesses are looted. 30,000 Jewish males were rounded up and taken to concentration camps. |
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Invasion
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Background
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Carpathian Ruthenia Region, of which Bilky is a part of, declares its indepedence from Czechoslovakia.
March 15, 1939 (Adar 24, 5699) (aged 31 years)
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Background
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Carpathian Ruthenia Region, of which Bilky is a part of, is occupied and annexed by Hungary.
from March 15, 1939 (Adar 24, 5699) to March 18, 1939 (Adar 27, 5699) (aged 31 years)
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary defines Jews racially: individuals with two, three or four Jewish-born grandparents were declared Jewish. It reduced the role of Jews in Hungarian economic life even more, setting the limit to 6%.
May 5, 1939 (Iyar 16, 5699) (aged 31 years)
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Background
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A non-aggression pact is signed between Soviet Union and Germany. It enabled the two countries to partition Poland. It is known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact.
August 23, 1939 (Elul 8, 5699) (aged 31 years)
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Invasion
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Declaration Of War
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Great Britain and France Declare War Against Germany
September 3, 1939 (Elul 19, 5699) (aged 31 years)
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Background
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Background
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Soviet Union and Germany divide Poland by German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty.
September 28, 1939 (Tishrei 15, 5700) (aged 31 years)
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Deportation
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Germany begins deportation of Austrian and Czech Jews to Poland
October 12, 1939 (Tishrei 29, 5700) (aged 32 years)
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Background
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In Poland, all Jews above the age of 11 must wear white armbands with the Jewish Star.
November 23, 1939 (Kislev 11, 5700) (aged 32 years)
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Krakow Ghetto
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In Krakow, Judenräte (Jewish Councils) were created which were to be run by Jewish citizens for the purpose of carrying out orders for the Nazis. These orders included registration of all Jewish people living in the area, the collection of taxes, and forced labour groups.
November 28, 1939 (Kislev 16, 5700) (aged 32 years)
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Invasion
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Invasion
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Background
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Concentration Camp
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Background
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Dunkirk Evacuation.
from May 26, 1940 (Iyar 18, 5700) to June 4, 1940 (Iyar 27, 5700) (aged 32 years)
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Surrender
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Ghetto
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Ghetto
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary prohibits intermarriage and penalizes sexual intercourse between Jews and non-Jews. Became a keystone in the process of excluding and eliminating Jews from Hungarian society.
August 8, 1941 (Av 15, 5701) (aged 33 years)
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Background
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Jewish Germans and Jews with citizenship of annexed states (Austrians, Czechs, Danzigers) from the age of six years are ordered to wear a yellow badge in the shape of a Jewish Star with Jude in the center.
September 1, 1941 (Elul 9, 5701) (aged 33 years)
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Attack
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Background
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At the Wannsee Conference, Nazis finalized their Final Solution plans to murder all the Jews after their deportation. Adolf Eichmann, who was eventually tried and executed in Israel for murdering Jews via the systematic deportation of millions of Jews to the extermination camps, was at the meeting.
January 20, 1942 (Shevat 2, 5702) (aged 34 years)
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Background
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First convoy of Jews from France are sent to Auschwitz.
March 27, 1942 (Nissan 9, 5702) (aged 34 years)
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Background
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Jewish Dutch people ordered to wear the Jewish yellow badge.
April 29, 1942 (Iyar 12, 5702) (aged 34 years)
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Background
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Jewish Belgians people ordered to wear the Jewish yellow badge.
June 3, 1942 (Sivan 18, 5702) (aged 34 years)
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Background
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Jews in Occuppied France ordered to wear the Jewish yellow badge.
June 7, 1942 (Sivan 22, 5702) (aged 34 years)
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Deportation
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Germany begins the deportation of Dutch Jews from camps in the Netherlands
July 15, 1942 (Av 1, 5702) (aged 34 years)
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary abolishes the status of Judaism as a received religion.
July 19, 1942 (Av 5, 5702) (aged 34 years)
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Hungarian Anti-Jewish Laws
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Hungary prohibits Jews from acquiring agricultural property, and calls for the transfer of Jewish-owned property to non-Jews.
September 6, 1942 (Elul 24, 5702) (aged 34 years)
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Background
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French communist newspaper publishes a cover story about the extermination of 11,000 French Jews at Auschwitz.
October 10, 1942 (Tishrei 29, 5703) (aged 35 years)
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Reports On The Holocaust
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Small story on page 10 of the New York Times reported on the slaughter of Jews at Auschwitz.
November 25, 1942 (Kislev 16, 5703) (aged 35 years)
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Ghetto
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Krakow Ghetto Liquidated. Those deemed able to work were transported to the Płaszów concentration camp. Some 2,000 Jews unable to move or attempting to run were killed in the streets and in their homes. Operation Reinhard
March 13, 1943 (Adar II 6, 5703) (aged 35 years)
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Background
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Belgium Resistance attacks a train bound for Auschwitz and free 233 prisoners. It is the only mass escape from a Holocaust train.
April 19, 1943 (Nissan 14, 5703) (aged 35 years)
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Invasion
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Correspondence
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Background
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Two inmates, Slovak Jews Alfred Wetzler and Rudolf Vrba, escape from Auschwitz. They contact the Jewish council in Slovakia and give details about the murder of Jews at Auschwitz. A report is soon released to warn Hungary’s Jews of the Nazi plans to wipe out their community. The report initally does nothing to stop the mass deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz. Finally, in July 1944, after the report is published in the Swiss Press, Hungary is forced to stopped the deportation. The persecution of Hungarian Jews is continued in October 1944.
April 10, 1944 (Nissan 17, 5704) (aged 36 years)
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Death of a sister
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Cause: Murdered By Nazis |
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Death of a father
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Cause: Murdered by the Nazis. |
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Death of a mother
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Cause: Murdered By Nazis And Their Collaborators |
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Death of a son
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Cause: Murdered by the Nazis Note: In the morning the train stopped and we arrived in a godforsaken place called Auschwitz. The air was full of smoke with a very strange smell. We were all in a daze. The SS was urging us to get off quickly. The packages had to be put in one pile. I was holding my dear Thomas by the hand and was looking for his sweater when an SS man came and pushed me. I looked up and saw my in-laws standing already in a line with middle-age people. My mother-in-law was holding my sister-in-law's, Georgette's little two and a half year old Robbie. And there was another very long line with young women. I was standing flabbergasted and did not know where to turn, when another SS man pushed away my dear son and said to me, in German " Where are you running round like a crazy coat." I thought I was standing in one place and the world is turning around me. I do remember running towards my in-laws after my dear little Thomas was pushed away from me and told him, "Hold on tight to Grandfather's hand." And he did. I thought, as we were told, that the older people would take care of the children and we would work and at night we will see them again. I looked after them and they disappeared in the dust and I never saw them again. In the morning the train stopped and we arrived in a godforsaken place called Auschwitz. The air was full of smoke with a very strange smell. We were all in a daze. The SS was urging us to get off quickly. The packages had to be put in one pile. I was holding my dear Thomas by the hand and was looking for his sweater when an SS man came and pushed me. I looked up and saw my in-laws standing already in a line with middle-age people. My mother-in-law was holding my sister-in-law's, Georgette's little two and a half year old Robbie. And there was another very long line with young women. I was standing flabbergasted and did not know where to turn, when another SS man pushed away my dear son and said to me, in German " Where are you running round like a crazy coat." I thought I was standing in one place and the world is turning around me. I do remember running towards my in-laws after my dear little Thomas was pushed away from me and told him, "Hold on tight to Grandfather's hand." And he did. I thought, as we were told, that the older people would take care of the children and we would work and at night we will see them again. I looked after them and they disappeared in the dust and I never saw them again. Eva Klein, mother of Tomas Kohn. Page 54. |
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Attack
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Deportation
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435,000 Hungarian Jews Are Deported To Auschwitz
from May 15, 1944 (Iyar 22, 5704) to July 9, 1944 (Tamuz 18, 5704) (aged 36 years)
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Background
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Nazis Photograph Hungarian Jews Arriving At Auschwitz. Many Jews Were From The Sub-Carpathia Region. Theses photos became know as The Auschwitz Album/Lilly Jacob Album. Lilly Jacob, the woman who found the photos, was from Bilky, Ukraine.
May 26, 1944 (Sivan 4, 5704) (aged 36 years)
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Liberation
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33rd President of the United States
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Background
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Event
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Background
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United States Detonates An Atomic Bomb Over Hiroshima, Japan.
August 6, 1945 (Av 27, 5705) (aged 37 years)
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Background
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Background
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United States Detonates An Atomic Bomb Over Nagasaki, Japan.
August 9, 1945 (Av 30, 5705) (aged 37 years)
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Background
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Japan anounces its surrender ending World War II.
from August 15, 1945 (Elul 6, 5705) (aged 37 years)
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Event
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Nicholas Kohn ID Card From Deggendorf Displaced Persons Camp Is Dated
October 23, 1945 (Heshvan 16, 5706) (aged 38 years)
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Emigration
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Residence
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Address: 1640 University Avenue New York, New York Shared note: The permanent USA address listed in the passenger list is 1640 University Avenue, New York, New York… The permanent USA address listed in the passenger list is 1640 University Avenue, New York, New York. 1632 University and 1640 University Avenue were the residences of different Popovitz family members. Those addresses were used, as well, by other family members who emigrated from Europe after WWII. |
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Background
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UN General Assembly passes Resolution 181, adopting a plan to partition the Palestine British Mandate into two states, one Jewish, one Arab.
November 29, 1947 (Kislev 16, 5708) (aged 40 years)
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Background
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Census
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Address: 464 Jackson Avenue Bronx, New York |
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Background
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The Korean War begins when North Korea invades South Korea.
June 25, 1950 (Tamuz 10, 5710) (aged 42 years)
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34th President of the United States
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Background
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35th President of the United States
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36th President of the United States
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37th President of the United States
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38th President of the United States
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39th President of the United States
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40th President of the United States
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Holocaust
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yes
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Death
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Remembrance
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Note: I was about 18 and was walking with Uncle Nicholas when he gave me a bit of advice. "When you get married and your wife asks you to wash the dishes, this what you do. You take your wife's favorite dish and drop it on the floor. You'll never have to wash a dish again." I was never brave enough to follow this sage guidance. עליו השלום - May Peace Be With You. |
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Remembrance
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Note: Happy Birthday, Uncle Miklos. Happy Birthday, Uncle Miklos. Say Hello To Aunt Eva For Us. May You Rest In Peace. עליו השלום |
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Remembrance
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Note: May Peace Be With You, Uncle Miklos. עליו השלום |
| father | |
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| mother | |
| Marriage | Marriage — December 12, 1906 — Mizhhiria, Ukraine |
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10 months
himself |
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4 years
younger brother |
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-16 months
younger sister |
1910–1944
Birth: May 9, 1910
27
21
— Okormezo, Ukraine Death: May 1944 — Auschwitz |
| himself | |
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| wife | |
| Marriage | Marriage — 1932 — |
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3 years
son |
1934–1944
Birth: October 28, 1934
27
28
— Khust, Ukraine Death: May 15, 1944 — Auschwitz |
| Name |
Quality of data: secondary evidence |
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| Residence |
Shared note
The permanent USA address listed in the passenger list is 1640 University Avenue, New York, New York. 1632 University and 1640 University Avenue were the residences of different Popovitz family members. Those addresses were used, as well, by other family members who emigrated from Europe after WWII. |
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| Remembrance |
I was about 18 and was walking with Uncle Nicholas when he gave me a bit of advice. "When you get married and your wife asks you to wash the dishes, this what you do. You take your wife's favorite dish and drop it on the floor. You'll never have to wash a dish again." I was never brave enough to follow this sage guidance. עליו השלום - May Peace Be With You. |
| Remembrance |
Happy Birthday, Uncle Miklos. Say Hello To Aunt Eva For Us. May You Rest In Peace. עליו השלום |
| Remembrance |
May Peace Be With You, Uncle Miklos. עליו השלום |
| Name |
Some family members remember Mikulas Kohn as Miklosh. |